Toggle navigation Search for: <i>
</i>
<ul>
<li> Start here</li>
<li> Career guide <b>
</b>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>The 80,000 Hours Career Guide</strong>
</li>
<li> Introduction: Why read this guide?</li>
<li> Part 1: What makes for a dream job?</li>
<li> Part 2: Can one person make a difference?</li>
<li> Part 3: Three ways anyone can have an impact</li>
<li> Part 4: Scale, neglectedness, and solvability</li>
<li> Part 5: The world's most pressing problems</li>
<li> Part 6: Which jobs help people the most?</li>
<li> Part 7: Career capital</li>
<li> Part 8: Personal fit</li>
<li> Part 9: How to be successful</li>
<li> Part 10: How to make your career plan</li>
<li> Part 11: How to get a job</li>
<li> Part 12: Community</li>
<li> Summary: Just the bottom lines</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li> Research <b>
</b>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>Problem profiles <b>
</b>
</strong> Find out about the world's biggest and most neglected problems.<strong>See all →</strong>
<strong>Top areas to work on</strong>
<ul>
<li>Preventing an AI-related catastrophe</li>
<li>Catastrophic pandemics</li>
<li>Nuclear war</li>
<li>Great power war</li>
<li>Climate change</li>
</ul>
<strong>Capacity building</strong>
<ul>
<li>Building effective altruism</li>
<li>Global priorities research</li>
<li>Improving decision making</li>
</ul>
<strong>Other promising areas</strong>
<ul>
<li>Civilisation resilience</li>
<li>Artificial sentience</li>
<li>Promoting positive values</li>
<li>Space governance</li>
<li>Risks of stable totalitarianism</li>
<li>Factory farming</li>
<li>Global health</li>
<li>Wild animal suffering</li>
</ul>
<strong>See all problem profiles →</strong>
</li>
<li>
<strong>Skills <b>
</b>
</strong> The most useful skills for making a difference.<strong>See all →</strong>
<strong>Top skills to build early in your career</strong>
<ul>
<li>Policy and politics</li>
<li>Organisation-building</li>
<li>Research</li>
<li>Communicating ideas</li>
<li>Software and tech</li>
<li>Engineering</li>
<li>Experience with an emerging power</li>
<li>Expertise relevant to a top problem</li>
</ul>
<strong>See all our skills pages →</strong>
</li>
<li>
<strong>Career reviews <b>
</b>
</strong> Learn about high-impact career paths.<strong>See all →</strong>
<strong>Our list of top high-impact career paths</strong>
<ul>
<li>AI safety technical research</li>
<li>AI governance and policy</li>
<li>Biorisk research, strategy, and policy</li>
<li>Information security in high-impact areas</li>
<li>Expert in AI hardware</li>
<li>Helping build the effective altruism community</li>
<li>China-related AI safety and governance</li>
<li>Grantmaker</li>
<li>Nuclear weapons safety and security</li>
<li>Operations in high-impact organisations</li>
<li>Research into global priorities</li>
</ul>
<strong>More promising paths</strong>
<ul>
<li>Be a founder</li>
<li>Software engineering</li>
<li>Journalism</li>
<li>See more →</li>
</ul>
<strong>How to build great career capital</strong>
<ul>
<li>See our top recommendations →</li>
</ul>
<strong>See all career reviews →</strong>
</li>
<li>
<strong>Advanced series <b>
</b>
</strong> Our most important research findings.<strong>Read the full series →</strong>
<strong>Introduction</strong>
<ul>
<li>Your most important decision</li>
</ul>
<strong>Foundations</strong>
<ul>
<li>A definition of impact</li>
<li>Longtermism</li>
<li>Harmful jobs</li>
</ul>
<strong>Global priorities</strong>
<ul>
<li>Problem selection</li>
<li>Existential risks</li>
<li>Top problems list</li>
</ul>
<strong>Contribution</strong>
<ul>
<li>How to think about your contribution</li>
<li>Effective solutions</li>
<li>List of high-impact careers</li>
</ul>
<strong>Personal fit</strong>
<ul>
<li>Gut instinct</li>
<li>Differences in productivity</li>
<li>Comparative advantage</li>
</ul>
<strong>Strategy</strong>
<ul>
<li>Ambition</li>
<li>Coordination</li>
<li>Exploration</li>
<li>Impact and satisfaction</li>
<li>Accidental harm</li>
</ul>
<strong>Read the full series →</strong>
</li>
<li>
<strong>Browse all our content <b>
</b>
</strong> Pick a topic to explore or check out our most popular pieces.
<strong>Career planning and decision making</strong>
<ul>
<li>How to make your career plan</li>
<li>All our other planning resources</li>
</ul>
<strong>Selected topics</strong>
<ul>
<li>Moral philosophy</li>
<li>Career capital</li>
<li>Job satisfaction</li>
<li>Anonymous advice</li>
<li>Unconventional advice</li>
<li>Advocacy</li>
<li>Existential risk</li>
<li>Top-recommended careers</li>
</ul>
<strong>See all topics →</strong>
<strong>Top articles from outside our guides</strong>
<ul>
<li>Best charities to donate to</li>
<li>Misconceptions about effective altruism</li>
<li>High-impact research questions</li>
<li>What are your chances of getting elected to Congress, if you try?</li>
<li>How many lives does a doctor save?</li>
<li>What's the impact of voting?</li>
<li>Advice for undergraduates</li>
</ul>
<strong>All articles →</strong>
</li>
</ul>
<strong>See all →</strong>
<strong>Top areas to work on</strong>
<ul>
<li>Preventing an AI-related catastrophe</li>
<li>Catastrophic pandemics</li>
<li>Nuclear war</li>
<li>Great power war</li>
<li>Climate change</li>
</ul>
<strong>Capacity building</strong>
<ul>
<li>Building effective altruism</li>
<li>Global priorities research</li>
<li>Improving decision making</li>
</ul>
<strong>Other promising areas</strong>
<ul>
<li>Civilisation resilience</li>
<li>Artificial sentience</li>
<li>Promoting positive values</li>
<li>Space governance</li>
<li>Risks of stable totalitarianism</li>
<li>Factory farming</li>
<li>Global health</li>
<li>Wild animal suffering</li>
</ul>
<strong>See all problem profiles →</strong>
<strong>See all →</strong>
<strong>Top skills to build early in your career</strong>
<ul>
<li>Policy and politics</li>
<li>Organisation-building</li>
<li>Research</li>
<li>Communicating ideas</li>
<li>Software and tech</li>
<li>Engineering</li>
<li>Experience with an emerging power</li>
<li>Expertise relevant to a top problem</li>
</ul>
<strong>See all our skills pages →</strong>
<strong>See all →</strong>
<strong>Our list of top high-impact career paths</strong>
<ul>
<li>AI safety technical research</li>
<li>AI governance and policy</li>
<li>Biorisk research, strategy, and policy</li>
<li>Information security in high-impact areas</li>
<li>Expert in AI hardware</li>
<li>Helping build the effective altruism community</li>
<li>China-related AI safety and governance</li>
<li>Grantmaker</li>
<li>Nuclear weapons safety and security</li>
<li>Operations in high-impact organisations</li>
<li>Research into global priorities</li>
</ul>
<strong>More promising paths</strong>
<ul>
<li>Be a founder</li>
<li>Software engineering</li>
<li>Journalism</li>
<li>See more →</li>
</ul>
<strong>How to build great career capital</strong>
<ul>
<li>See our top recommendations →</li>
</ul>
<strong>See all career reviews →</strong>
<strong>Read the full series →</strong>
<strong>Introduction</strong>
<ul>
<li>Your most important decision</li>
</ul>
<strong>Foundations</strong>
<ul>
<li>A definition of impact</li>
<li>Longtermism</li>
<li>Harmful jobs</li>
</ul>
<strong>Global priorities</strong>
<ul>
<li>Problem selection</li>
<li>Existential risks</li>
<li>Top problems list</li>
</ul>
<strong>Contribution</strong>
<ul>
<li>How to think about your contribution</li>
<li>Effective solutions</li>
<li>List of high-impact careers</li>
</ul>
<strong>Personal fit</strong>
<ul>
<li>Gut instinct</li>
<li>Differences in productivity</li>
<li>Comparative advantage</li>
</ul>
<strong>Strategy</strong>
<ul>
<li>Ambition</li>
<li>Coordination</li>
<li>Exploration</li>
<li>Impact and satisfaction</li>
<li>Accidental harm</li>
</ul>
<strong>Read the full series →</strong>
<strong>Career planning and decision making</strong>
<ul>
<li>How to make your career plan</li>
<li>All our other planning resources</li>
</ul>
<strong>Selected topics</strong>
<ul>
<li>Moral philosophy</li>
<li>Career capital</li>
<li>Job satisfaction</li>
<li>Anonymous advice</li>
<li>Unconventional advice</li>
<li>Advocacy</li>
<li>Existential risk</li>
<li>Top-recommended careers</li>
</ul>
<strong>See all topics →</strong>
<strong>Top articles from outside our guides</strong>
<ul>
<li>Best charities to donate to</li>
<li>Misconceptions about effective altruism</li>
<li>High-impact research questions</li>
<li>What are your chances of getting elected to Congress, if you try?</li>
<li>How many lives does a doctor save?</li>
<li>What's the impact of voting?</li>
<li>Advice for undergraduates</li>
</ul>
<strong>All articles →</strong>
</li>
<li> Job board</li>
<li> Podcasts <b>
</b>
<ul>Our podcasts<li> The 80,000 Hours Podcast</li>
<li> 80k After Hours</li>Curated series<li> The 80,000 Hours Career Guide</li>
<li> Effective Altruism: An Introduction</li>
<li> Effective Altruism: Ten Global Problems</li>
<li> On Artificial Intelligence</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li> Get 1-1 advice</li>
<li> Newsletter</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>New releases</li>
<li>All articles</li>
<li>About <b>
</b>
<ul>
<li>About us<ul>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>Meet the team</li>
<li>Our donors</li>
<li>Community</li>
<li>Contact us</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Support us<ul>
<li>Take our survey</li>
<li>Donate to 80,000 Hours</li>
<li>Stay updated</li>
<li>Acknowledgements</li>
<li>Work with us</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Our impact &.
credibility<ul>
<li>Evaluations</li>
<li>Our mistakes</li>
<li>Research process and principles</li>
<li>What others say about us</li>
<li>Translations of our content</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>Home <i>
</i> Legal disclaimer Search for: <i>
</i>
<ul>
<li>New releases</li>
<li>All articles</li>
<li>About <b>
</b>
<ul>
<li>About us<ul>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>Meet the team</li>
<li>Our donors</li>
<li>Community</li>
<li>Contact us</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Support us<ul>
<li>Take our survey</li>
<li>Donate to 80,000 Hours</li>
<li>Stay updated</li>
<li>Acknowledgements</li>
<li>Work with us</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Our impact &.
credibility<ul>
<li>Evaluations</li>
<li>Our mistakes</li>
<li>Research process and principles</li>
<li>What others say about us</li>
<li>Translations of our content</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>Legal disclaimerOur Disclaimer<p>We can give you information about your career options that we hope is useful.
but how you choose to use this information is up to you.
We don’t take responsibility for the outcomes of your choices.</p>
<p>While the aim of our site is to provide you with information about how to help the world, we don’t support courses of action that may be harmful to your physical or mental well being.</p>1-1 advice qualification<p>Our coaches are not professionally qualified career advisors.
We recommend you use our advice alongside a professionally qualified advisor.</p>Links<p>All links from this web site have been selected using a standard links protocol.
Links are provided for information and convenience only.
We cannot accept responsibility for the sites linked to, or the information found there.
A link does not imply an endorsement of a site.
likewise, not linking to a particular site does not imply lack of endorsement.</p>Accuracy<p>While we have taken every care to compile accurate information and to keep it up-to-date, we cannot guarantee its correctness and completeness.
The information provided on this site does not constitute business, medical or other professional advice, and is subject to change.</p>Availability<p>We cannot guarantee uninterrupted access to this website, or the sites to which it links.
We accept no responsibility for any damages arising from the loss or use of this information.</p>Copyright Notice<p>Unless otherwise noted, all materials on this website are © 2023 – all rights reserved.
Please contact us if you wish to redistribute, translate, or adapt this work.</p>Comment policy<p>We curate comments quite heavily, treating them as part of the research we offer to our readers.
Most comments go into a moderation queue, and we approve them based on a subjective combination of the following factors: i) the comment contains useful information our readers will benefit from, such as thoughtful critiques of our work, ii) the comment is clear and well written, and iii) the comment is polite and friendly.
On permanent articles which are regularly updated, comments pointing out errors are removed once the problem they refer to is fixed.</p> Join our newsletter<p>Get weekly updates on our research, plus jobs and other opportunities to get involved.</p> Get 1-1 advice<p>Want to tackle a pressing global problem with your career?</p>
<p>Speak to an advisor</p>Our research<ul>
<li> Start here</li>
<li> Career guide</li>
<li> List of world problems</li>
<li> List of top skills</li>
<li> List of careers</li>
<li> Advanced series</li>
<li> New releases</li>
<li> All our research</li>
<ul>
<br>
<ul>
<li> Future generations</li>
<li> Artificial intelligence</li>
<li> Anonymous advice</li>
<li> College advice</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>Take action<ul>
<li> Find a job</li>
<li> Get 1-1 advice</li>
<li> Make a career plan</li>
</ul>Follow us<ul>
<li> Podcasts</li>
<li> 80k After Hours</li>
<li> Newsletter</li>
<li> Twitter</li>
<li> Instagram</li>
<li> LinkedIn group</li>
<li> Facebook</li>
<li> TikTok</li>
<li> YouTube</li>
</ul>About us<ul>
<li> Why 80,000 Hours?</li>
<li> Meet the team</li>
<li> Our donors</li>
<li> What others say about us</li>
<li> Our mistakes</li>
<li> Our community</li>
<li> Translations of our content</li>
</ul>
<p>80,000 Hours is an Effective Ventures project.
Effective Ventures Foundation (UK) (EV UK) is a charity in England and Wales (with registered charity number 1149828, registered company number 07962181, and is also a Netherlands registered tax-deductible entity ANBI 825776867).
Effective Ventures Foundation USA Inc.
(EV US) is a section 501(c)(3) organization in the USA (EIN 47-1988398).
EV UK and EV US are separate charities that collaborate closely under the “Effective Ventures” name.</p>
<p>Please contact us to suggest ideas, improvements, or corrections.</p>
<p>We do our best to provide useful information, but how you use the information is up to you.
We don’t take responsibility for any loss that results from the use of information on the site.
Please consult our full legal disclaimer and privacy policy.
See also our cookie notice and adjust your cookie preferences.</p>
<p>© 2024 – all rights reserved.
Please contact us if you wish to redistribute, translate, or adapt this work.</p> Cookie Preference Center<ul>
<li>Your Privacy</li>
<li>Strictly Necessary Cookies</li>
<li>Analytics and performance cookies</li>
<li>Marketing and third party cookies</li>
</ul>Your Privacy<p>When you visit any website, it may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies.
This information might be about you, your preferences or your device and is mostly used to make the site work as you expect it to.
The information does not usually directly identify you, but it can give you a more personalized web experience.
Because we respect your right to privacy, you can choose not to allow some types of cookies.
Click on the different category headings to find out more and change our default settings.
However, blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience of the site and the services we are able to offer.
<br>More information</p>Strictly Necessary CookiesAlways Active<p>These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems.
They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms.
You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work.
These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information.</p>Analytics and performance cookies Analytics and performance cookies <p>These cookies help us improve or optimise the experience we provide.
They allow us to measure how visitors interact with EV Platforms and we use this information to improve the user experience and performance of EV Platforms.
<br>
<br>
These cookies are used to collect technical information such as the last visited EV Platform, the number of pages visited, whether or not email communications are opened, which parts of our website or email communication are clicked on and the length of time between clicks.
<br>
<br>
They may also collect information to provide helpful features and e.g.
be used to remember your preferences (such as your language preference), your interests and the presentation of the website (such as the font size).
<br>
<br>
These cookies expire after 24 months or less.
</p>Marketing and third party cookies Marketing and third party cookies <p>We use these cookies to collect information about your browsing habits in order to make advertising more relevant to you and your interests.
They are also used to limit the number of times you see an advert as well as help measure the effectiveness of an advertising campaign.
We may share this information with other parties who help manage online advertising – please see the "Third Party" section below for more details.
<br>
<br>
Some of these cookies may be used when you share information using a social media sharing button or "like" button on our Platforms, or when you engage with our content on or through a social site such as Facebook or Twitter.
These cookies collect information about your social media interaction with the EV Platforms, such as whether or not you have an account with the social media site and whether you are logged into it when you interact with content on EV Platforms.
This information may be linked to targeting/advertising activities.
<br>
<br>
<strong>Third party</strong>
<br>
<br>
Your use of EV Platforms may result in some cookies being stored that are not controlled by us.
This may occur when the part of the EV Platform you are visiting makes use of a third party analytics or marketing automation/management tool or includes content displayed from a third party website, for example, YouTube or Facebook.
You should review the privacy and cookie policies of these services to find out how these third parties use cookies and whether your cookie data will be transferred to a third country.
<br>
<br>
These cookies expire after 24 months or less.
</p>Back ButtonCookie List<p>
</p> Filter ButtonConsent Leg.Interest checkbox label label checkbox label label checkbox label labelClear checkbox label labelApply CancelConfirm My ChoicesReject All Allow All